Tribalism and Fundamentalism: The Two Fundamental Hurdles of Democracy after 2001 in Afghanistan

This paper elucidates the two ideologies that fundamentally lead to failure of regimes and often weakened state: tribalism religious fundamentalism. Both its social bed is same have a key role in returning Taliban after 2001. Except for external supportive factors Taliban, internal factors, fundamentalism fund hegemonic resources such as Mullahs (clergies) Madrasas are extremely rooted society government functioned actively expand ideology country since formation modern state Afghanistan (1880). study also illustrates return 20 years efforts state-building which proved still consider main challenge versus nation-building Afghanistan.